Australian tube worm

What does it look like?

Australian tubeworms live inside hard, calcareous tubes that they secrete. The worm itself can grow up to four centimetres long, while the tube can reach up to 10 centimetres. Tubes are usually white but may turn brown as they age.

The worms have many feathery plumes, or gills, which they use for filter feeding and which range in colour from brown and green to grey.

Why is it a problem?

Australian tubeworms are widespread in estuaries and harbours. They tolerate a wide range of salinities, from freshwater to highly saline conditions, and can survive in polluted, low oxygen environments. They thrive in sheltered areas with slow moving water.

Because it’s highly tolerant of environmental stress and grows quickly in modified habitats, the Australian tubeworm is considered an aggressive invader. Large aggregations can form extensive, reef like structures from small pieces of substrate such as shells, rocks or marine vegetation. It also readily colonises artificial structures including jetties, marinas, boats and moorings.

Once established on boats, tubeworms are easily transported to new locations, where new colonies can quickly become dominant. These dense colonies of filter feeders compete with native marine species for food and can eventually displace existing communities.

Control methods

You can help prevent the spread of marine pests by:

• Regularly cleaning your boat’s hull –keep fouling growth to no more than a light slime layer.
• Applying a thorough coating of antifouling paint and keep it in good condition.
• Ensure your hull is clean and free of fouling before you travel to a new area.
• Clean and dry any marine equipment (e.g. ropes, lines and pots) before using in a new area.
• Inspect areas on your boat that retain water for signs of marine life.
• Check for aquatic weeds tangled around anchors, trailers and other equipment.

Related links

NZ Marine Pest ID guide